Psychologists, All Other
Psychologists, All Other (SOC 19-3039) earn a median $110,840 a year ($53.29 an hour) in the United States, with 18,820 employed as of May 2025; the highest-paying state is California.
What psychologists, all other do
Psychologists, all other, is the residual category for psychologists whose work is not covered by the more specific classifications for clinical and counseling, school, or industrial-organizational psychologists. Psychologists study mental processes and behavior, and the people grouped here work in specialties such as behavior analysis, biopsychology, and developmental psychology. Titles reported to O*NET include behavior analyst, behavioral scientist, and biopsychologist, which suggests the range. Because the category is a catch-all, the tasks, the education involved, and the pay depend on the specialty and employer, and the data used for this page do not give a single set of tasks or a single education level for the group. Psychologists in general differ from psychiatrists, who are physicians, and from counselors and social workers. Developmental psychologists are among the other titles listed for the group.
Also called: Behavior Analyst, Behavioral Scientist, Biopsychologist, Behavioral Specialist, Behavioral Analyst.
National wage percentiles, May 2025
| Area | Basis | Percentile wage | Mean | Employment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10th | 25th | Median | 75th | 90th | ||||
| United States | Hourly | $26.44 | $33.10 | $53.29 | $70.79 | $81.02 | $53.47 | 18,820 |
| Annual | $54,990 | $68,850 | $110,840 | $147,240 | $168,520 | $111,210 | ||
Employment per 1,000 jobs and the location quotient are area measures; they appear in the state and metro tables below. To see what a wage in this range leaves after tax, use FastCalc's take-home pay calculator.
Where psychologists, all other earn and work most
Five highest-paying states
| Area | Basis | Percentile wage | Mean | Employment | Jobs per 1,000 | Location quotient | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10th | 25th | Median | 75th | 90th | ||||||
| California | Hourly | $21.71 | $45.75 | $75.74 | $85.22 | $95.65 | $67.12 | 1,600 | 0.09 | 0.73 |
| Annual | $45,150 | $95,160 | $157,540 | $177,260 | $198,950 | $139,610 | ||||
| Kentucky | Hourly | $42.60 | $61.01 | $72.11 | $89.13 | $89.13 | $72.29 | 300 | 0.15 | 1.23 |
| Annual | $88,610 | $126,900 | $149,990 | $185,390 | $185,390 | $150,370 | ||||
| Nevada | Hourly | $22.59 | $41.67 | $70.60 | $76.33 | $80.46 | $61.90 | 100 | 0.07 | 0.55 |
| Annual | $46,990 | $86,670 | $146,850 | $158,770 | $167,360 | $128,750 | ||||
| Oklahoma | Hourly | $31.15 | $37.48 | $67.93 | $76.70 | $83.27 | $58.38 | 90 | 0.05 | 0.41 |
| Annual | $64,790 | $77,960 | $141,290 | $159,540 | $173,200 | $121,430 | ||||
| Virginia | Hourly | $36.09 | $55.76 | $67.61 | $79.63 | $89.05 | $65.93 | 510 | 0.12 | 1.03 |
| Annual | $75,070 | $115,980 | $140,640 | $165,630 | $185,220 | $137,140 | ||||
Five states with the most jobs
| Area | Basis | Percentile wage | Mean | Employment | Jobs per 1,000 | Location quotient | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10th | 25th | Median | 75th | 90th | ||||||
| California | Hourly | $21.71 | $45.75 | $75.74 | $85.22 | $95.65 | $67.12 | 1,600 | 0.09 | 0.73 |
| Annual | $45,150 | $95,160 | $157,540 | $177,260 | $198,950 | $139,610 | ||||
| Illinois | Hourly | $23.21 | $30.84 | $33.56 | $61.92 | $77.92 | $43.65 | 1,120 | 0.18 | 1.51 |
| Annual | $48,270 | $64,160 | $69,810 | $128,790 | $162,070 | $90,800 | ||||
| Wisconsin | Hourly | $26.52 | $34.01 | $39.36 | $59.34 | $74.16 | $48.31 | 1,080 | 0.37 | 3.02 |
| Annual | $55,160 | $70,740 | $81,860 | $123,440 | $154,260 | $100,480 | ||||
| Georgia | Hourly | * | * | * | * | * | * | 1,040 | 0.21 | 1.75 |
| Annual | * | * | * | * | * | * | ||||
| Florida | Hourly | $35.54 | $51.86 | $64.75 | $73.33 | $79.93 | $60.86 | 910 | 0.09 | 0.76 |
| Annual | $73,920 | $107,870 | $134,690 | $152,530 | $166,260 | $126,600 | ||||
Five highest-paying metropolitan areas
| Area | Basis | Percentile wage | Mean | Employment | Jobs per 1,000 | Location quotient | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10th | 25th | Median | 75th | 90th | ||||||
| Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN | Hourly | $46.37 | $66.17 | $89.13 | $89.13 | $89.13 | $77.17 | 210 | 0.19 | 1.59 |
| Annual | $96,450 | $137,630 | $185,390 | $185,390 | $185,390 | $160,520 | ||||
| San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA | Hourly | $20.16 | $33.02 | $84.21 | $95.65 | $108.50 | $71.31 | 110 | 0.10 | 0.82 |
| Annual | $41,930 | $68,680 | $175,160 | $198,950 | $225,680 | $148,320 | ||||
| San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA | Hourly | $21.19 | $21.19 | $80.79 | $90.89 | $101.55 | $62.52 | 300 | 0.13 | 1.04 |
| Annual | $44,070 | $44,070 | $168,040 | $189,050 | $211,230 | $130,040 | ||||
| Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom, CA | Hourly | $51.43 | $74.60 | $80.04 | $96.50 | $102.02 | $79.34 | 170 | 0.15 | 1.27 |
| Annual | $106,980 | $155,170 | $166,480 | $200,720 | $212,200 | $165,020 | ||||
| Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA | Hourly | $29.31 | $42.64 | $73.86 | $81.53 | $87.71 | $65.45 | 470 | 0.07 | 0.61 |
| Annual | $60,960 | $88,700 | $153,630 | $169,580 | $182,440 | $136,140 | ||||
Five metropolitan areas with the most jobs
| Area | Basis | Percentile wage | Mean | Employment | Jobs per 1,000 | Location quotient | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10th | 25th | Median | 75th | 90th | ||||||
| Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN | Hourly | $23.21 | $33.03 | $33.57 | $64.16 | $80.03 | $45.01 | 920 | 0.20 | 1.68 |
| Annual | $48,270 | $68,700 | $69,820 | $133,460 | $166,460 | $93,610 | ||||
| New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ | Hourly | $28.80 | $42.81 | $63.57 | $67.66 | $77.49 | $56.00 | 790 | 0.08 | 0.69 |
| Annual | $59,910 | $89,040 | $132,220 | $140,730 | $161,180 | $116,480 | ||||
| Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV | Hourly | $31.00 | $41.81 | $62.37 | $76.44 | $93.48 | $62.91 | 770 | 0.24 | 2.02 |
| Annual | $64,490 | $86,970 | $129,730 | $159,000 | $194,440 | $130,850 | ||||
| Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA | Hourly | $39.33 | $41.63 | $41.67 | $41.67 | $65.84 | $45.67 | 690 | 0.57 | 4.71 |
| Annual | $81,800 | $86,600 | $86,680 | $86,680 | $136,950 | $94,980 | ||||
| Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA | Hourly | $29.31 | $42.64 | $73.86 | $81.53 | $87.71 | $65.45 | 470 | 0.07 | 0.61 |
| Annual | $60,960 | $88,700 | $153,630 | $169,580 | $182,440 | $136,140 | ||||
Top industries employing psychologists, all other
Federal Executive Branch (OEWS Designation) employ 45.2% of psychologists, all other nationally (8,500 jobs) at a median $140,940 a year ($67.76 an hour), followed by Offices of Other Health Practitioners (18.3%) and Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools (3.9%).
| Industry | Employment | Share of occupation | Median annual | Median hourly |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Federal Executive Branch (OEWS Designation) NAICS 999100 | 8,500 | 45.2% | $140,940 | $67.76 |
| Offices of Other Health Practitioners NAICS 621300 | 3,440 | 18.3% | $81,800 | $39.33 |
| Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools NAICS 611300 | 740 | 3.9% | $76,420 | $36.74 |
| Offices of Physicians NAICS 621100 | 740 | 3.9% | $90,260 | $43.39 |
| Outpatient Care Centers NAICS 621400 | 720 | 3.8% | $72,630 | $34.92 |
Share is the industry's employment over the occupation's national employment (18,820). Industries whose employment BLS withheld are not ranked.
Published medians, May 2021 to May 2025
BLS published a median annual wage of $102,900 for psychologists, all other in May 2021 and $110,840 in May 2025, with employment of 13,800 and 18,820.
| Release | Median annual | Median hourly | Employment |
|---|---|---|---|
| May 2021 | $102,900 | $49.47 | 13,800 |
| May 2022 | $106,420 | $51.16 | 13,900 |
| May 2023 | $117,750 | $56.61 | 14,480 |
| May 2024 | $117,580 | $56.53 | 17,790 |
| May 2025 | $110,840 | $53.29 | 18,820 |
BLS does not design OEWS as a time series: each release pools three years of samples, and occupational classifications, area definitions and estimation methods change between releases, so a difference between two releases is not a measure of change over time. The figures are shown as published, side by side, and nothing is computed from them. See how often OEWS is updated.
Every state, by median wage
45 states and DC publish a row for this occupation. A linked state has its own page with the within-state metro table and comparison; the others appear here only.
| Rank | State | Median hourly | Median annual | 10th pct (annual) | 90th pct (annual) | Employment | Jobs per 1,000 | Location quotient |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | California profile | $75.74 | $157,540 | $45,150 | $198,950 | 1,600 | 0.09 | 0.73 |
| 2 | Kentucky profile | $72.11 | $149,990 | $88,610 | $185,390 | 300 | 0.15 | 1.23 |
| 3 | Nevada profile | $70.60 | $146,850 | $46,990 | $167,360 | 100 | 0.07 | 0.55 |
| 4 | Oklahoma profile | $67.93 | $141,290 | $64,790 | $173,200 | 90 | 0.05 | 0.41 |
| 5 | Virginia profile | $67.61 | $140,640 | $75,070 | $185,220 | 510 | 0.12 | 1.03 |
| 6 | Iowa profile | $66.55 | $138,420 | $46,760 | $159,410 | 60 | 0.04 | 0.32 |
| 7 | Tennessee profile | $66.38 | $138,070 | $78,920 | $163,180 | 200 | 0.06 | 0.51 |
| 8 | Arizona profile | $66.11 | $137,510 | $56,320 | $171,850 | 240 | 0.07 | 0.61 |
| 9 | South Carolina profile | $65.86 | $136,990 | $94,600 | $164,200 | 140 | 0.06 | 0.50 |
| 10 | Alabama profile | $65.42 | $136,070 | $64,230 | $160,800 | 110 | 0.05 | 0.43 |
| 11 | Hawaii profile | $65.23 | $135,680 | $85,930 | $192,190 | 160 | 0.25 | 2.09 |
| 12 | Utah profile | $65.00 | $135,200 | $38,060 | $156,790 | 110 | 0.06 | 0.50 |
| 13 | Missouri profile | $64.85 | $134,890 | $49,230 | $161,490 | 250 | 0.08 | 0.69 |
| 14 | Florida profile | $64.75 | $134,690 | $73,920 | $166,260 | 910 | 0.09 | 0.76 |
| 15 | New Jersey profile | $63.57 | $132,220 | $96,700 | $153,150 | 370 | 0.09 | 0.71 |
| 16 | South Dakota profile | $63.55 | $132,170 | $33,880 | $168,080 | 30 | 0.07 | 0.54 |
| 17 | Ohio profile | $63.49 | $132,060 | $54,850 | $160,260 | 410 | 0.07 | 0.60 |
| 18 | Nebraska profile | $63.29 | $131,640 | $34,170 | $169,980 | 50 | 0.05 | 0.44 |
| 19 | Rhode Island profile | $62.96 | $130,960 | $32,250 | $170,250 | 90 | 0.17 | 1.42 |
| 20 | Massachusetts profile | $62.22 | $129,410 | $59,240 | $168,900 | 500 | 0.14 | 1.13 |
| 21 | New York profile | $61.69 | $128,320 | $50,210 | $164,580 | 680 | 0.07 | 0.58 |
| 22 | Washington profile | $61.65 | $128,230 | $69,590 | $153,960 | 370 | 0.10 | 0.86 |
| 23 | Montana profile | $61.04 | $126,960 | $33,880 | $159,740 | 40 | 0.08 | 0.63 |
| 24 | North Carolina profile | $60.79 | $126,440 | $53,620 | $166,050 | 570 | 0.12 | 0.95 |
| 25 | District of Columbia profile | $60.15 | $125,110 | $59,880 | $169,170 | 230 | 0.33 | 2.68 |
| 26 | Connecticut profile | $60.11 | $125,020 | $60,880 | $157,290 | 210 | 0.13 | 1.03 |
| 27 | Indiana profile | $59.44 | $123,640 | $64,570 | $163,330 | 200 | 0.06 | 0.51 |
| 28 | Idaho profile | $58.24 | $121,140 | $42,800 | $166,850 | 70 | 0.09 | 0.71 |
| 29 | New Hampshire profile | $58.07 | $120,790 | $66,860 | $146,240 | ** | ** | ** |
| 30 | Colorado profile | $58.01 | $120,660 | $50,220 | $156,870 | 380 | 0.13 | 1.08 |
| 31 | Minnesota profile | $55.60 | $115,650 | $57,250 | $145,520 | 330 | 0.11 | 0.94 |
| 32 | Arkansas profile | $54.97 | $114,340 | $47,180 | $156,810 | 120 | 0.09 | 0.74 |
| 33 | Maryland profile | $52.87 | $109,970 | $63,080 | $186,120 | 840 | 0.31 | 2.52 |
| 34 | Louisiana profile | $50.22 | $104,460 | $56,090 | $157,350 | 170 | 0.09 | 0.72 |
| 35 | Mississippi profile | $49.70 | $103,380 | $24,750 | $158,620 | 70 | 0.06 | 0.46 |
| 36 | Pennsylvania profile | $45.98 | $95,650 | $60,170 | $154,520 | 780 | 0.13 | 1.07 |
| 37 | Michigan profile | $42.56 | $88,510 | $40,250 | $149,010 | 410 | 0.09 | 0.78 |
| 38 | Oregon profile | $41.67 | $86,680 | $81,800 | $146,240 | 840 | 0.43 | 3.52 |
| 39 | Wisconsin profile | $39.36 | $81,860 | $55,160 | $154,260 | 1,080 | 0.37 | 3.02 |
| 40 | Vermont profile | $38.98 | $81,080 | $62,980 | $142,600 | 80 | 0.25 | 2.06 |
| 41 | Illinois profile | $33.56 | $69,810 | $48,270 | $162,070 | 1,120 | 0.18 | 1.51 |
| 42 | West Virginia profile | $22.28 | $46,350 | $34,240 | $142,270 | 230 | 0.33 | 2.71 |
| – | Georgia profile | * | * | * | * | 1,040 | 0.21 | 1.75 |
| – | Maine profile | * | * | * | * | 110 | 0.17 | 1.37 |
| – | New Mexico profile | * | * | * | * | 110 | 0.13 | 1.07 |
Related occupations
Occupations in the same SOC broad group (19-3030), with their national median annual wage.
Part of Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations. Compare any area in the wage explorer.
Source and notes
Data: BLS OEWS May 2025, released 2026-05-15. Cross-industry estimates, all ownerships. BLS page: OEWS 19-3039 Psychologists, All Other.
*- Wage estimate not available.
**- Employment estimate not available.
- Annual wages assume 2,080 hours a year at the hourly rate; occupations BLS publishes on one basis only show an en dash (–) on the other.
- Employment is rounded to the nearest 10 by BLS. Where BLS withholds a cell, nothing is estimated in its place.
- Top industries: nat4d_M2025_dl.xlsx in oesm25in4.zip (BLS OEWS May 2025, national, 4-digit NAICS, cross-ownership). Employment is the industry's rounded total for this occupation; industries whose employment BLS withheld (**) are not ranked.
- Published medians: national_M2021_dl.xlsx to national_M2024_dl.xlsx in oesm21nat.zip to oesm24nat.zip (BLS OEWS May 2021 to May 2024, national, cross-industry, all ownerships) and the May 2025 spine. Each release is shown as published; nothing is computed between them.
Sources
- BLS Standard Occupational Classification 2018, definition of 19-3039, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (public domain).
- O*NET 30.1 Database, 19-3039.00, National Center for O*NET Development, USDOL/ETA (CC BY 4.0).
- OEWS May 2025 national industry-specific estimates, 4-digit NAICS (oesm25in4.zip), US Bureau of Labor Statistics (public domain).
- OEWS May 2021 national estimates (oesm21nat.zip), US Bureau of Labor Statistics (public domain).
- OEWS May 2022 national estimates (oesm22nat.zip), US Bureau of Labor Statistics (public domain).
- OEWS May 2023 national estimates (oesm23nat.zip), US Bureau of Labor Statistics (public domain).
- OEWS May 2024 national estimates (oesm24nat.zip), US Bureau of Labor Statistics (public domain).
- OEWS May 2025 national estimates (oesm25nat.zip), the site's data spine, US Bureau of Labor Statistics (public domain).
Includes information from O*NET 30.1 Database by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, used under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Description written 2026-10-17 in our own words from the sources above.