Media and Communication Workers, All Other
Media and Communication Workers, All Other (SOC 27-3099) earn a median $73,620 a year ($35.39 an hour) in the United States, with 19,590 employed as of May 2025; the highest-paying state is California.
What media and communication workers, all other do
This residual category covers media and communication workers whose jobs do not fit announcers, journalists, public relations specialists, editors, writers, interpreters, or court reporters. O*NET's alternate titles give examples, including audio-visual specialists, continuity managers, graphologists, public address announcers, script managers, and stage technicians. The source definition is a single line, and O*NET lists no core tasks for this code, so the duties are not described in detail. Anyone whose duties match one of the specific media and communication codes is counted there instead. Because the heading is a catch-all, tasks vary with the employer, and the job title is a better guide than the heading. The titles listed range from technical roles such as audio-visual specialist to roles that read or announce material, such as reader and public address announcer.
Also called: Audience Coordinator, Audio-Visual Specialist, Continuity Manager, Graphologist, PA Announcer.
National wage percentiles, May 2025
| Area | Basis | Percentile wage | Mean | Employment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10th | 25th | Median | 75th | 90th | ||||
| United States | Hourly | $18.81 | $23.94 | $35.39 | $49.91 | $64.55 | $40.32 | 19,590 |
| Annual | $39,120 | $49,790 | $73,620 | $103,820 | $134,270 | $83,860 | ||
Employment per 1,000 jobs and the location quotient are area measures; they appear in the state and metro tables below. To see what a wage in this range leaves after tax, use FastCalc's take-home pay calculator.
Where media and communication workers, all other earn and work most
Five highest-paying states
| Area | Basis | Percentile wage | Mean | Employment | Jobs per 1,000 | Location quotient | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10th | 25th | Median | 75th | 90th | ||||||
| California | Hourly | $21.22 | $30.54 | $49.34 | $50.80 | $81.93 | $47.17 | 9,940 | 0.55 | 4.33 |
| Annual | $44,140 | $63,530 | $102,630 | $105,660 | $170,410 | $98,120 | ||||
| New York | Hourly | $27.52 | $30.85 | $39.00 | $63.46 | $63.66 | $46.68 | 770 | 0.08 | 0.63 |
| Annual | $57,240 | $64,170 | $81,110 | $131,990 | $132,410 | $97,100 | ||||
| Rhode Island | Hourly | $19.69 | $27.34 | $35.01 | $35.17 | $44.51 | $32.18 | 30 | 0.06 | 0.48 |
| Annual | $40,950 | $56,870 | $72,830 | $73,160 | $92,580 | $66,940 | ||||
| Minnesota | Hourly | $16.83 | $22.32 | $34.18 | $35.09 | $35.09 | $29.06 | 200 | 0.07 | 0.54 |
| Annual | $35,000 | $46,430 | $71,090 | $72,990 | $72,990 | $60,440 | ||||
| Wisconsin | Hourly | $11.04 | $21.67 | $33.55 | $39.18 | $48.00 | $32.34 | 80 | 0.03 | 0.22 |
| Annual | $22,970 | $45,070 | $69,780 | $81,500 | $99,840 | $67,260 | ||||
Five states with the most jobs
| Area | Basis | Percentile wage | Mean | Employment | Jobs per 1,000 | Location quotient | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10th | 25th | Median | 75th | 90th | ||||||
| California | Hourly | $21.22 | $30.54 | $49.34 | $50.80 | $81.93 | $47.17 | 9,940 | 0.55 | 4.33 |
| Annual | $44,140 | $63,530 | $102,630 | $105,660 | $170,410 | $98,120 | ||||
| Florida | Hourly | $17.21 | $28.51 | $32.43 | $49.85 | $51.28 | $36.99 | 1,490 | 0.15 | 1.19 |
| Annual | $35,790 | $59,310 | $67,450 | $103,690 | $106,650 | $76,940 | ||||
| Louisiana | Hourly | * | * | * | * | * | * | 980 | 0.51 | 4.02 |
| Annual | * | * | * | * | * | * | ||||
| New York | Hourly | $27.52 | $30.85 | $39.00 | $63.46 | $63.66 | $46.68 | 770 | 0.08 | 0.63 |
| Annual | $57,240 | $64,170 | $81,110 | $131,990 | $132,410 | $97,100 | ||||
| Georgia | Hourly | $16.73 | $23.78 | $32.32 | $47.25 | $58.74 | $36.66 | 690 | 0.14 | 1.13 |
| Annual | $34,800 | $49,460 | $67,220 | $98,290 | $122,170 | $76,250 | ||||
Five highest-paying metropolitan areas
| Area | Basis | Percentile wage | Mean | Employment | Jobs per 1,000 | Location quotient | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10th | 25th | Median | 75th | 90th | ||||||
| Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA | Hourly | $21.04 | $30.83 | $49.54 | $50.80 | $81.93 | $47.54 | 7,490 | 1.20 | 9.48 |
| Annual | $43,750 | $64,120 | $103,050 | $105,660 | $170,410 | $98,880 | ||||
| Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN | Hourly | $29.74 | $30.18 | $43.09 | $47.74 | $63.17 | $41.80 | ** | ** | ** |
| Annual | $61,860 | $62,760 | $89,620 | $99,290 | $131,400 | $86,940 | ||||
| San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA | Hourly | $21.64 | $34.57 | $42.81 | $62.62 | $96.11 | $51.60 | 1,130 | 0.48 | 3.79 |
| Annual | $45,000 | $71,910 | $89,050 | $130,240 | $199,920 | $107,320 | ||||
| Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom, CA | Hourly | $30.34 | $32.10 | $41.32 | $49.43 | $51.85 | $42.33 | 170 | 0.16 | 1.27 |
| Annual | $63,110 | $66,770 | $85,950 | $102,820 | $107,840 | $88,040 | ||||
| San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA | Hourly | $22.87 | $30.47 | $40.95 | $54.06 | $78.95 | $46.13 | 270 | 0.18 | 1.42 |
| Annual | $47,570 | $63,370 | $85,180 | $112,440 | $164,210 | $95,940 | ||||
Five metropolitan areas with the most jobs
| Area | Basis | Percentile wage | Mean | Employment | Jobs per 1,000 | Location quotient | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10th | 25th | Median | 75th | 90th | ||||||
| Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA | Hourly | $21.04 | $30.83 | $49.54 | $50.80 | $81.93 | $47.54 | 7,490 | 1.20 | 9.48 |
| Annual | $43,750 | $64,120 | $103,050 | $105,660 | $170,410 | $98,880 | ||||
| San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA | Hourly | $21.64 | $34.57 | $42.81 | $62.62 | $96.11 | $51.60 | 1,130 | 0.48 | 3.79 |
| Annual | $45,000 | $71,910 | $89,050 | $130,240 | $199,920 | $107,320 | ||||
| New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ | Hourly | $17.01 | $29.96 | $38.83 | $63.39 | $63.66 | $42.98 | 1,010 | 0.11 | 0.85 |
| Annual | $35,380 | $62,310 | $80,770 | $131,860 | $132,410 | $89,390 | ||||
| Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL | Hourly | $23.50 | $30.52 | $37.85 | $51.11 | $51.11 | $38.03 | 870 | 0.31 | 2.46 |
| Annual | $48,890 | $63,490 | $78,730 | $106,320 | $106,320 | $79,090 | ||||
| New Orleans-Metairie, LA | Hourly | * | * | * | * | * | * | 580 | 1.30 | 10.32 |
| Annual | * | * | * | * | * | * | ||||
Top industries employing media and communication workers, all other
Motion Picture and Video Industries employ 28.3% of media and communication workers, all other nationally (5,540 jobs) at a median $103,730 a year ($49.87 an hour), followed by Media Streaming Distribution Services, Social Networks, and Other Media Networks and Content Providers (18.2%) and Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools (7.4%).
| Industry | Employment | Share of occupation | Median annual | Median hourly |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motion Picture and Video Industries NAICS 512100 | 5,540 | 28.3% | $103,730 | $49.87 |
| Media Streaming Distribution Services, Social Networks, and Other Media Networks and Content Providers NAICS 516200 | 3,560 | 18.2% | $72,400 | $34.81 |
| Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools NAICS 611300 | 1,440 | 7.4% | $78,370 | $37.68 |
| Radio and Television Broadcasting Stations NAICS 516100 | 1,010 | 5.2% | $63,650 | $30.60 |
| Local Government, excluding Schools and Hospitals (OEWS Designation) NAICS 999300 | 820 | 4.2% | $81,710 | $39.28 |
Share is the industry's employment over the occupation's national employment (19,590). Industries whose employment BLS withheld are not ranked.
Published medians, May 2021 to May 2025
BLS published a median annual wage of $49,900 for media and communication workers, all other in May 2021 and $73,620 in May 2025, with employment of 16,540 and 19,590.
| Release | Median annual | Median hourly | Employment |
|---|---|---|---|
| May 2021 | $49,900 | $23.99 | 16,540 |
| May 2022 | $65,000 | $31.25 | 23,780 |
| May 2023 | $61,900 | $29.76 | 23,230 |
| May 2024 | $71,770 | $34.51 | 23,590 |
| May 2025 | $73,620 | $35.39 | 19,590 |
BLS does not design OEWS as a time series: each release pools three years of samples, and occupational classifications, area definitions and estimation methods change between releases, so a difference between two releases is not a measure of change over time. The figures are shown as published, side by side, and nothing is computed from them. See how often OEWS is updated.
Every state, by median wage
36 states and DC publish a row for this occupation. A linked state has its own page with the within-state metro table and comparison; the others appear here only.
| Rank | State | Median hourly | Median annual | 10th pct (annual) | 90th pct (annual) | Employment | Jobs per 1,000 | Location quotient |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | California profile | $49.34 | $102,630 | $44,140 | $170,410 | 9,940 | 0.55 | 4.33 |
| 2 | New York profile | $39.00 | $81,110 | $57,240 | $132,410 | 770 | 0.08 | 0.63 |
| 3 | Rhode Island profile | $35.01 | $72,830 | $40,950 | $92,580 | 30 | 0.06 | 0.48 |
| 4 | Minnesota profile | $34.18 | $71,090 | $35,000 | $72,990 | 200 | 0.07 | 0.54 |
| 5 | Wisconsin profile | $33.55 | $69,780 | $22,970 | $99,840 | 80 | 0.03 | 0.22 |
| 6 | Pennsylvania profile | $33.40 | $69,470 | $42,950 | $76,630 | 470 | 0.08 | 0.62 |
| 7 | Virginia profile | $33.37 | $69,420 | $34,430 | $95,260 | 130 | 0.03 | 0.25 |
| 8 | District of Columbia profile | $32.43 | $67,450 | $48,530 | $119,950 | 100 | 0.14 | 1.14 |
| 9 | Florida profile | $32.43 | $67,450 | $35,790 | $106,650 | 1,490 | 0.15 | 1.19 |
| 10 | Georgia profile | $32.32 | $67,220 | $34,800 | $122,170 | 690 | 0.14 | 1.13 |
| 11 | Colorado profile | $32.13 | $66,830 | $44,230 | $101,920 | 270 | 0.10 | 0.76 |
| 12 | New Jersey profile | $32.13 | $66,830 | $33,750 | $108,070 | 480 | 0.11 | 0.88 |
| 13 | Massachusetts profile | $30.74 | $63,940 | $36,400 | $87,640 | ** | ** | ** |
| 14 | Missouri profile | $30.63 | $63,720 | $34,680 | $158,180 | 80 | 0.03 | 0.23 |
| 15 | Texas profile | $29.46 | $61,290 | $33,810 | $82,040 | 570 | 0.04 | 0.32 |
| 16 | Illinois profile | $29.20 | $60,730 | $31,200 | $119,740 | ** | ** | ** |
| 17 | Michigan profile | $28.23 | $58,720 | $32,910 | $96,370 | 60 | 0.01 | 0.11 |
| 18 | Maryland profile | $27.69 | $57,590 | $39,140 | $96,440 | 350 | 0.13 | 1.01 |
| 19 | Utah profile | $27.17 | $56,520 | $30,910 | $117,480 | ** | ** | ** |
| 20 | Connecticut profile | $25.73 | $53,520 | $43,040 | $88,890 | 260 | 0.15 | 1.22 |
| 21 | Washington profile | $25.28 | $52,590 | $37,850 | $81,710 | 260 | 0.07 | 0.58 |
| 22 | Iowa profile | $24.08 | $50,080 | $34,780 | $66,640 | 80 | 0.05 | 0.38 |
| 23 | Vermont profile | $23.94 | $49,790 | $34,330 | $97,190 | 40 | 0.13 | 1.05 |
| 24 | Maine profile | $22.94 | $47,720 | $32,190 | $60,260 | 50 | 0.07 | 0.57 |
| 25 | Hawaii profile | $22.93 | $47,690 | $47,660 | $97,200 | 40 | 0.07 | 0.54 |
| 26 | Tennessee profile | $21.96 | $45,670 | $30,930 | $78,940 | 630 | 0.19 | 1.54 |
| 27 | Ohio profile | $21.82 | $45,380 | $29,640 | $72,190 | 130 | 0.02 | 0.19 |
| 28 | Nevada profile | $21.31 | $44,310 | $28,120 | $122,720 | 110 | 0.07 | 0.54 |
| 29 | New Mexico profile | $21.04 | $43,750 | $42,190 | $66,470 | 40 | 0.05 | 0.35 |
| 30 | Montana profile | $20.98 | $43,630 | $31,770 | $80,590 | 90 | 0.18 | 1.40 |
| 31 | North Carolina profile | $20.64 | $42,920 | $34,620 | $60,310 | ** | ** | ** |
| 32 | Oregon profile | $20.00 | $41,600 | $41,600 | $63,030 | 260 | 0.13 | 1.06 |
| 33 | Kentucky profile | $18.78 | $39,050 | $33,980 | $101,230 | 40 | 0.02 | 0.14 |
| 34 | Indiana profile | $16.51 | $34,350 | $31,710 | $56,870 | 40 | 0.01 | 0.10 |
| 35 | Arkansas profile | $15.52 | $32,280 | $23,670 | $51,960 | 40 | 0.03 | 0.25 |
| – | Louisiana profile | * | * | * | * | 980 | 0.51 | 4.02 |
Related occupations
Occupations in the same SOC broad group (27-3090), with their national median annual wage.
Part of Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations. Compare any area in the wage explorer.
Source and notes
Data: BLS OEWS May 2025, released 2026-05-15. Cross-industry estimates, all ownerships. BLS page: OEWS 27-3099 Media and Communication Workers, All Other.
*- Wage estimate not available.
**- Employment estimate not available.
- Annual wages assume 2,080 hours a year at the hourly rate; occupations BLS publishes on one basis only show an en dash (–) on the other.
- Employment is rounded to the nearest 10 by BLS. Where BLS withholds a cell, nothing is estimated in its place.
- Top industries: nat4d_M2025_dl.xlsx in oesm25in4.zip (BLS OEWS May 2025, national, 4-digit NAICS, cross-ownership). Employment is the industry's rounded total for this occupation; industries whose employment BLS withheld (**) are not ranked.
- Published medians: national_M2021_dl.xlsx to national_M2024_dl.xlsx in oesm21nat.zip to oesm24nat.zip (BLS OEWS May 2021 to May 2024, national, cross-industry, all ownerships) and the May 2025 spine. Each release is shown as published; nothing is computed between them.
Sources
- BLS Standard Occupational Classification 2018, definition of 27-3099, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (public domain).
- O*NET 30.1 Database, 27-3099.00, National Center for O*NET Development, USDOL/ETA (CC BY 4.0).
- OEWS May 2025 national industry-specific estimates, 4-digit NAICS (oesm25in4.zip), US Bureau of Labor Statistics (public domain).
- OEWS May 2021 national estimates (oesm21nat.zip), US Bureau of Labor Statistics (public domain).
- OEWS May 2022 national estimates (oesm22nat.zip), US Bureau of Labor Statistics (public domain).
- OEWS May 2023 national estimates (oesm23nat.zip), US Bureau of Labor Statistics (public domain).
- OEWS May 2024 national estimates (oesm24nat.zip), US Bureau of Labor Statistics (public domain).
- OEWS May 2025 national estimates (oesm25nat.zip), the site's data spine, US Bureau of Labor Statistics (public domain).
Includes information from O*NET 30.1 Database by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, used under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Description written 2026-10-17 in our own words from the sources above.